The names in parentheses are the former names of the islands.
The Phoenix Island Group is part of the Republic of Kiribati. Only Kanton Island is now inhabited. There were settlements on Orona (Hull), Manra (Sydney) and Nikumaroro (Gardner) from the late 1930s until the early 1960s. McKean Island was the site of guano mining operations in the late 1800s. Nikumaroro hosted a few Niue islanders in the 1890s, who planted coconuts for an English business and then left. For a more complete history of Nikumaroro, go to Paradise Lost.
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